DEFINITIONS OF NEWS

DEFINITION OF NEWS 

 1.  News is an information about recent events or developments that have occurred within a relatively short timeframe. Reference: Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect

2. News is a content that is significant or important to the audience, addressing their interests, needs, or concerns. Reference: McQuail, D. (2005). *McQuail's Mass Communication Theory*.

3. News informs the audience about events or issues that have a direct or indirect influence on individuals, communities, or society as a whole. Reference: Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (2013). *Mediating the Message in the 21st Century: A Media Sociology Perspective*.

4.News is an  information that is geographically close to the audience, affecting them directly or indirectly due to its proximity. Reference: Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). *The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba, and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers*.

5.News involves individuals, organizations, or events that are notable or well-known, attracting public attention. Reference: Hamilton, J. M., & Jenner, E. A. (2004). *The News and Public Opinion: Media Effects on Civic Life*.

6. News is a breaking of interest to a large number of people which includes significant events, disaster, or emotional and heart-rending. Reference Dictionary,R,H and Dictionary O.S (2014) Definition of news

7. News presents information that is new, unusual, or unexpected, capturing the audience's interest. Reference: Tuchman, G. (1978). *Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality*.

8. News includes stories that evoke emotions or empathy by focusing on the experiences, struggles, or achievements of individuals. Reference: Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). *Uses and Gratifications Research*.

9.News provides information that is current and up-to-date, reflecting the latest developments and events. Reference: Brants, K., & Voltmer, K. (2011). *Comparing Political Journalism*.

10.  News is based on factual information that is verified and corroborated to ensure its reliability and truthfulness. Reference: Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2014). *The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect*.

11. News presents multiple perspectives or sides of a story, striving to provide a fair and unbiased portrayal of events. Reference: Entman, R. M. (1993). *Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradi

12.  News is an information that serves  the public interest by providing information that is relevant to democratic participation, accountability, and civic engagement. Reference: Schudson, M. (2003). *The Sociology of New

13.News is a comprehensive and detailed information to help the audience understand the context, background, and implications of events. Reference: McCombs, M. (2004). *Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinions.

14. News is a symbolic representation of reality that exists in the form of discourse about an event." - Reference: "Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society" (1988) by James W. Car

15. News is the selective presentation of reality, shaped by the preferences and biases of journalists and news organizations." - Reference: "Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time" (1979) by Herbert J. Gans.

16.News is a commodity produced by media organizations to attract an audience and generate revenue." - Reference: "An Economic Theory of Democracy" (1957) by Anthony Downs.

17. News is a form of narrative storytelling that constructs and shapes our understanding of events." - Reference: "The Media in American Politics: Contents and Consequences" (1999) by David L. Paletz.

18.  News is information about recent events or developments, especially as reported by newspapers, radio, television, and websites." - Reference: "American Journalism: A History of Newspapers in the United States Through 250 Years, 1690-1940" (1940) by Leonard Mogel.

19. News is the salient, surprising, or important information that becomes the focus of public attention." - Reference: "The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press" (1972) by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw.   

20.News is the propaganda system of the media, serving the interests of state and corporate power." - Reference: "Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media" (1988) by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman.